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5 stages of science

categories: misc

tags: video

Authors: Oberron , Rezpe , Rezpe & Oberron , sebas ,

5 stages of science

From stones to emulation

The 5 stages

  1. observation
  2. equation
  3. simulation
  4. modeling
  5. emulation

Observations

Stonehenge an early artefact

For millenia, humans observed the world and built artifacts to help predictions of seasons.

Equations

Newton's manuscript - Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica

Equations became slowly the way science described the world as a denser way to convey information from brain to brain.

Simulations

Lorenz attractor, or how impossible predicting weather is

With computers, it became possible to solve differential equations based on boundary conditions and weather forecasting for the following hours became possible.

Modeling

atomic forces simulation for protein binding

As computer got more powerful, simulation models based on physics first principle like protein folding and binding became possible.

Emulation

Latent embeddings from our framework colored by physical state variables. Credit: Boyuan Chen/Columbia Engineering

AI trained on dataset, generates implicit models which are much faster at processing than first principal based modelling. For instance a team at Columbia University created an AI network which can make physics prediction but thoes are not using energy or mass or any usual concepts from classical physics